See gal in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gal",
"3": "gol"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: gal, gol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: gal, gol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gole"
},
"expansion": "English: gole",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: gole (dialectal)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gail"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gail",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gēl"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon gēl",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "geil",
"t": "salacious, lustful"
},
"expansion": "Dutch geil (“salacious, lustful”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "geil"
},
"expansion": "Old High German geil",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "geil",
"t": "lustful"
},
"expansion": "German geil (“lustful”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "geiligr",
"t": "beautiful"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse geiligr (“beautiful”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gailùs",
"t": "sharp, biting"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gailùs (“sharp, biting”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "зело́",
"t": "very"
},
"expansion": "Russian зело́ (zeló, “very”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *gail.\nCognate with Old Saxon gēl, Dutch geil (“salacious, lustful”), Old High German geil (German geil (“lustful”)), Old Norse geiligr (“beautiful”). The Indo-European root may also be the source of Lithuanian gailùs (“sharp, biting”), Russian зело́ (zeló, “very”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gāl",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gālra",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "gālost",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gāl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gāla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gāl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gāla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gāl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gāla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gāl",
"2": "gālra",
"3": "gālost"
},
"expansion": "gāl (comparative gālra, superlative gālost)",
"name": "ang-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gāl"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 31 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "And se Iouis wearð swa swyðe gal þæt he on his agenre swyster gewifode.\nAnd Jove became so depraved that he married his own sister.\n(Wulfstan, De Falsis Deis)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wanton, lustful; wicked"
],
"id": "en-gal-ang-adj-8Lx-uWJQ",
"links": [
[
"wanton",
"wanton"
],
[
"lustful",
"lustful"
],
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɑːl/"
}
],
"word": "gal"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gal",
"3": "gol"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: gal, gol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: gal, gol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gole"
},
"expansion": "English: gole",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: gole (dialectal)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gail"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gail",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gēl"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon gēl",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "geil",
"t": "salacious, lustful"
},
"expansion": "Dutch geil (“salacious, lustful”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "geil"
},
"expansion": "Old High German geil",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "geil",
"t": "lustful"
},
"expansion": "German geil (“lustful”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "geiligr",
"t": "beautiful"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse geiligr (“beautiful”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gailùs",
"t": "sharp, biting"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gailùs (“sharp, biting”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "зело́",
"t": "very"
},
"expansion": "Russian зело́ (zeló, “very”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *gail.\nCognate with Old Saxon gēl, Dutch geil (“salacious, lustful”), Old High German geil (German geil (“lustful”)), Old Norse geiligr (“beautiful”). The Indo-European root may also be the source of Lithuanian gailùs (“sharp, biting”), Russian зело́ (zeló, “very”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gāl",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gālra",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "gālost",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gāl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gāla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gāl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gāla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gāl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gāla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gāl",
"2": "gālra",
"3": "gālost"
},
"expansion": "gāl (comparative gālra, superlative gālost)",
"name": "ang-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gāl"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English adjectives",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 31 entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "And se Iouis wearð swa swyðe gal þæt he on his agenre swyster gewifode.\nAnd Jove became so depraved that he married his own sister.\n(Wulfstan, De Falsis Deis)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wanton, lustful; wicked"
],
"links": [
[
"wanton",
"wanton"
],
[
"lustful",
"lustful"
],
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɑːl/"
}
],
"word": "gal"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gal meaning in Old English (8.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.